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张昆苹楼上的南初校徽清晰可见校园内绿地南初的学子们 南洋初级学院（Nanyang Junior College）是中正总校及分校的附属初院，简称南初。 南初成立于1978年,开办的是两年制大学预修班课程。除了推行英文与母语双语教学,为学生提供文科与理科课程外,学生也可以根据自己的志向、能力和兴趣跨学科学习。 南初开办的特别课程包括美术及华文语文特选课程。该校课程的一大特色是较具灵活性，允许在中学没有修读某些科目的学生，上初院后修读。相当于国内的高中。 南初有一百三十多位受过专业训练的教师,在教学方面,采用讲堂课与小班辅导制,再加上实际体验与实践等。 新加坡1979年实行小学分流制度，1981年实行中学分流制度，根据学习成绩进入不同性质的班级。新加坡政府中学中4毕业，参加“O”水准会考。每年考试于11月举行。中学毕业生凭考试成绩选择未来的求学道路。有的升读初级学院，进而考取A水准会考证书，再升大学；有的学生选择就读理工学院。还有的到工艺教育学院学到一技之长。 新加坡是没有高中，或者没是没有定义成高中的学制，只有初级学院。也就说新加坡高中就是新加坡的初级学院。 新加坡有19所初级学院，而这19所初级学院升入到新加坡国立大学，南洋理工大学，新加坡管理大学的升学率高达80%，所以我们也把这19所初级学院称之为通往世界名牌大学的成功之路。 裕廊初级学院是新加坡唯一一所直接招收国际学生的初级学院，新加坡学校没有正式的排名，但是通过A LEVEL的升学率，裕廊初级学院属于中上等水平，考入本地公立大学和海外名牌大学的升学率高达90%。 南初也是19所初级学院中的一所，我们到这里进行了简单的参观，感受了一下新加坡的初级教育的学校环境和教育状况。感受新加坡之一——漫步岛国看狮城 干净清新亦繁华（概述篇） https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2172957-1-1.html感受新加坡之二——休闲小岛走不停 亚洲最南寻风情（圣淘沙篇）https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=2182169&page=1&;extra=#pid50347652感受新加坡之三——参天巨树生满园热带风情绿无限（植物园篇）https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=2231866&page=1&extra=#pid53500784感受新加坡之四——绿意充盈总统府世外桃源乌敏岛（总统府和乌敏岛篇）https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=2253589&page=1&;extra=#pid55203314感受新加坡之五——海风轻拂鱼尾狮 流光溢彩夜迟迟（滨海湾篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2255988-1-1.html感受新加坡之六——狮城国花胡姬花千姿百态芬芳开（胡姬花篇）https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=2299743&;page=1&;extra=#pid58352540感受新加坡之七——小印度里寻缩影甘榜格南回族情（新加坡河等篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2322447-1-1.html感受新加坡之八——立体交通路纵横街道小区绿充盈（交通和街道篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2326625-1-1.html 感受新加坡之九——狮城春节气息浓牛车水里最喜庆（春节和牛车水篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2330106-1-1.html 感受新加坡之十一——享誉全球名高校 环境优雅美校园（南大篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2354269-1-1.html 校园的宣传栏 大楼门口处 校内的阅读栏 学习室 校园内的各类语 教室 参观学习室 塑胶运动场 小礼堂 学校的荣誉柜 学校的荣誉柜 在荣誉柜前读书 校园内外的环境 校内环境 教学楼前 相互交流 学习室 校内环境 整洁的通廊 网络教学室 教室内环境 学习室 大课教学室 学生布置的美术室 学生绘画作品 校内环境 校内环境 干净的通廊 楼梯间([]
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曾阳谕以下图片，完全按照我们此行的时间顺序，向大家详细的汇报整个攀登过程。([]
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陈信旭https//bo.ok168.com/music/%e6%b1%aa%e5%b3%b0/%e6%80%92%e6%94%be%e7%9a%84%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd.wma有谁跟我一样，去贡嘎，是被这个前辈的背影所毒到的？又有谁真正的走到了照片中的这个位置？而又有谁看到照片中的景像？被誉为蜀山之王的贡嘎雪山，它滋养着这片土地上的儿女，是康巴藏人心目中的神山，它还是驴友心目中的徒步圣地，这个国庆，我背着小小驴，踏上了这个计划已久的贡嘎朝圣之路。。。。。 PS这个地图是我之前做攻略时在网上找到的，在此借用这次的大概行程，因时间原因，实际行程与计划行程是有点不一样的 我写游记，习惯按着顺序，写的尽量仔细点，如流水账般，因为我记性实在不太好，怕等我老了就回想不起很多细节了，那时候我再来看看我现在写的游记，就像重新走一回的感觉~ 可这次贡嘎的游记，我实在不知道该如何写，敲着键盘，看着自己被冻伤已脱壳的手背，擦干流血的嘴唇，回想这个国庆的带队穿越贡嘎，就觉得无比的辛酸与无奈，我一副领队，之所以把自己搞的这么悲催，已经无法用值不值来衡量了，当时之所以坚持下去的想法就是：既然答应帮忙带队，那就要帮忙帮到底。 故事，待我慢慢道来。。。。。。出发前2天才开始打包东西，整个装下来，大包20多公斤，小包16公斤，还好是轻装，不然我估计会走死的。 悲催的开始 9.29放假前一天照样正常上班，上午公司内网挂出公告，下午可不上班，之前预想的是可能会提前2个小时下班的，所以动车票订的是612去成都的，这下可好了，一下午，只有回家补瞌睡了，想想还是去买点暖宝宝带着的好，因为我实在怕冷，这个季节，好多地方暖宝宝都还没上架，逛了1个药店3个超市才买到暖宝宝。 回家把衣服洗了，清洁做了，睡了半小时觉，4点半起来准备出发，一个小鹰32，一个精灵55，一前一后两个背包超过50斤。这个点特别不好打车，出租车都没亮灯，因为是交接班的点，好不容易看到个没亮灯的出租车，说去火车站，司机让上车，告诉司机要先去附近接个同事，他和我一班动车去成都，在车上我忽然发现我就穿着短袖出门了，外套都没带，想要回去拿外套，出租车司机非常不乐意，想把我丢路边上不载我了，好说歹说司机才同意又把我送回去拿衣服，还好没堵车，不然司机会骂死我的。 到了火车站，去吃乡村基，人暴多，几乎没有座位，我看着包，同事去帮我买饭，不辣的就只有宫保鸡丁了，端来一看，冷的，冬瓜是半生的，也罢将就吃吧，结果，这一将就，刚上火车不到10分钟我就跑厕所拉肚子去了。 动车好比春运，那已经不能用人多来形容了，我这提前11天订票的都订的是餐车，走廊上全部都是人，快到成都了，看见窗外的雨像用盆在泼似的，我就焦虑了，因为我没带伞，赶紧把背包罩拿出来把两个背包都罩上。下了火车，挤着出了站，还好雨小了很多，还好有同事跟我坐一个车，帮我背着一个小包。本来就不好打车，加上修路把路都挖坏了就更不好打车了，所幸有成都的驴友听说我到成都要来接我，结果他也对路不熟悉，等他来了刚一上他的车雨又下大了，围着铁路局旋了两圈都没找到那个酒店，等找到酒店时发现酒店的前台和客房还隔了一段距离，下着雨，这不是坑爹嘛！ 因为这次是帮朋友带商业队，37个队员，其中27个是上海的，8个是太原的，还有2个是散客，4个领队，而我们4个人之前都没见过，主领队是小包，还有个小董，小袁，加上我，出发前我都还不知道人数，也没有名单，到了成都也没拿到名单，告诉我名单就只打了一份出来。开始小包说不碰头了，第二天车上再说，结果我都睡下了，12点过了又把我叫起来，说4个领队齐了，老板娘来了，一起碰头说下行程安排，一直整到2点多钟，才散，结果也没说个所以然来。 房间里只有电灭蚊器，却没有灭蚊片，成都蚊子太多，一整晚我都在跟蚊子对抗，拍死了一只，结果还有一只一直在耳边飞，一整晚几乎没睡着，第二天早上起来一看，手臂上被咬了三个大包，脸上还有1个大包，脸都肿了，太郁闷了，从我记事开始就没有被蚊子咬过脸，真是无比悲催。。。。。。照例，出发前在电梯里先给自己自拍一张 国庆假后，这个网络盛传的对比图是我们这次的真实写照 这个最能体现我们的图片 D1、9.30 成都—雅安—石棉—泸定—康定—老榆林—电站高速路变停车场 早上6点不到就起来了，说是6点半出发，结果因为人太多，磨叽到7点才从酒店出发，此时城里已经开始小堵了。上到成雅高速，距离雅安40多公里的地方就开始堵车，基本上从9点到下午3是在堵车和缓行中度过的。堵车的原因除了国庆高速路免费增加了车流量外，更重要的是一些技术不好品行不好的司机也开上路了，一路上导致车祸不断追尾不断，而且还大量占用应急车道，也就造就了大堵车，凡堵车过的地方，必然会留下一大片垃圾，这就是中国人的素质，且不说高速路上的垃圾了，连贡嘎沿线都是垃圾，国人现在是越来越有钱了，可道德素质却越来越差了。 成雅高速堵过了，雅西高速又堵，高速路变停车场，惊现遛狗哥他在马路上遛狗，我就只有在车上看看我的小小驴和小小龙 这是一个乡，据说是最大的一个乡，叫九襄 汉源湖，其实是个很大的水库 汉源湖上的一小片蓝天这次出行，大部分照片都是用手机拍摄的，没有带单反，就借了一个松下LX5带着，卡片用的也少，就用了2天，为了省电拍的也少 圆月时在路上 到了石棉，已是下午3点，石棉是个小县城，吃饭的地方也大都是小餐馆，我们一行42人分成了3个地方才吃下饭，豆花饭味道还不错，因为赶时间，吃的太快，结果吃咽着了，顶着胃难受，我就一直在车上站了一个多小时。在海螺沟分叉路口，本来我们是可以走磨榆路的，走那段路要近一个多小时，就因为现在那条路其中一段规划为红石滩景区了，就是我们清明去的那个地方，要收每个人60元的门票钱，虽然问了警察，警察说过路不收费，但是为了不冒险，我们决定还是绕道泸定再到康定。 还没到泸定，天就黑了，在泸定水电站的地方，停车尿尿，我也要买苹果，今年苹果都涨价了，要价2.5元一斤了，前年我才买成1元一斤，讲了好久，说要10斤才讲成2元一斤，我直接买了10斤苹果，我超喜欢吃那边的苹果，果酸味十足，不用担心会有蜡。 坐了12个小时的车，我们终于在晚上2200到了康定的老榆林，在兵站那里换面包车，因为大巴无法开进去了，说好是6个面包车的，结果只来了4辆，我们的人得分两批进电站，天气不是很好，飘着小雨，只有那么几分钟，我们看到了圆月，中秋夜，我们就这么看了小会儿月亮。兵站到电站来回需40分钟至1个小时，经过一辆车，我们就要看看是不是来接我们的，在晚上11点左右终于我们我们坐上了开往电站的面包车，那段路很颠簸，一路上我们还看到有人打着电筒重装徒步进山，非常佩服。 本来今天的计划是要到格西草原扎营的，因为堵车，时间太晚，之能在电站打店铺，包子说给我们留了两个空房间，结果到了一看，那哪能算房间啊，就是一牛棚边的杂物房，前面到的上海队已经把两个小小的房间挤满了，女的这边一间实际上和旁边的是通的，那面睡了别的队的男的，中间堆得都是马帮的马鞍还有土豆毡毛等一堆杂物，我们后面还有3个女的，没法睡了，我只好把她们的包包都放到那堆杂物上，然后对着门竖着打地铺，门缝很高，晚上风吹的呼啦啦的，我睡得地紧挨着藏民的毡毛，一晚上都有股骚味熏着我，在打地铺的时候我都看到有跳蚤在跳， 我都忍住没叫，我怕惊吓了那些女孩子们，忍忍睡吧，要不是下着雨，我都想出去找地扎营了，第二批跟我一起到的男的都只有扎营了，因为房间里已经挤不下了。 晚上有几个女孩子不同程度的出现高反，其中一个还吐了，嘱咐他们吃下药，我想这才开始呢，后面的行程更艰难，也不知道这帮姑娘能不能走下来，因为早上在车上的时候，我问了下大家，哪些人是没上过高原的，结果举手的一大片，少说也有10多个，当时我就焦麻了。。。。。。。 D2、10.1 电站—格西草原—红石滩—两河口—下日乌且国庆的阳光 早上也不知道是哪个队伍起的最早，像我这么睡眠不好的，一有声响就醒了，索性起来，收拾好东西，把过道位置留出来，去看看早餐好了没有。早餐就一锅稀粥，也罢，昨儿个晚饭就没吃，今天早上也只有喝一碗稀饭了，有马帮烧了大叶茶，赶紧凑上去要碗喝。 天雾蒙蒙的，心想今天千万别下雨啊！还好老天给力，没过多久，太阳出来，雾气散的非常快，远处的海子山露出了雪山尖，四周的山也都在阳光的照耀下闪耀着光芒，山谷里飘着一云，就像一个丝带系在山腰上，电站的晨光，一种柔软的美。 今年国庆的贡嘎，就像是在赶集，出发前就有去色达的朋友这么笑我，我也笑他：我们去贡嘎赶集，那么你们去色达就是游行了。好多队伍已经开始前进，可我们的马帮还没到，让队员们都打包好行李，发放路餐，昨晚吐了的姑娘今天她自己说已经好多了，还好没事儿。 天越来越亮，阳光越来越耀眼，好多早已收拾好的人已迫不及待的想先走，没法，我只好先带着他们往前走，本来我们出发前是说好的我走中间的，结果走成领队的了，这一领队就一直领了好几天。有几个队员体力很好，跑的很快，我要加快脚步才能追上他们，一路上我都在追赶与等待中度过。735，我发现日照金山，大叫一声，快看，队员们都停下收拾装备的手，拿起相机，只听见快门的声音，我手机随身揣着的，赶紧摸出来照早餐只喝了一小碗清汤寡水的稀饭，冷的不行，赶上马帮的在吃早餐，烧了大叶茶，我厚着脸皮去要了几碗热茶水喝 9点左右，我带着一小部分人，出发，徒步，从现在开始背着小小驴和小小龙，走在最前面，以便队友识别，因为今年贡嘎的人实在太多从电站到格西草原的路一直都是逆溪而上，风光不错，这段路还是比较好走的，路宽，坡度不大，走起来并不是很费体力。 格西草原 945到达格西草原，草原其实并不大，但是在阳光的照耀下很美，有炊烟、有马匹、有溪流、有红石、远处还有雪山，称的上一个五星级营地，可惜昨晚我们到的太晚，没能在格西草原露营。穿过格西草原继续往前会穿越一片原始森林然后过木桥往河对岸走，再往上走一点会经过一小片草甸，草甸过后又是树林，穿过树林就会看到左手边的一片红石滩，红石滩向上前方看是盘盘山，向后看是海子山，非常漂亮。看过红石滩，继续往前，爬上一个小山坡，有点陡有点喘，不过爬上坡以后就会看到红石滩的源头，还有个小瀑布，我们在河滩边的草甸上吃午餐，望着远处的雪山，就这么不想走了。。。。。。。背着行囊，继续向前回望格西草原穿过森林，要过一个木桥桥上看到的风景~这次小鹰32很给力，第一天我背的太多了，装了10多个苹果在包包里过桥后看到的草甸，昨晚有人在此扎营，事实上，整个贡嘎线，像这样的草甸几乎都被扎营过红石滩，秀秀小小驴和小小龙，哥俩好呀这个小龙是我们财务那同事的，走的那天去他办公室，看着可爱，就顺手拿走，跟他说：姐带它上雪山去玩，省的你国庆把它关办公室里。我那同事说：那你一定要给我带回来哈，还要多拍点照片~小小驴，站不稳，坐也坐不稳，还好它背着包，只好靠在大石头上了，一路上背着它，很拉风上图为手机拍，下图为相机拍，相机拍的还是要好看些红石滩的源头，可惜手机找不出效果这组红石滩照片为卡片机拍摄 这组照片为手机拍摄。1130我达到这个河谷，开始在下面红石滩拍照的时候前面走了一个队员，我没敢多停留，赶紧去追，正好遇到个大上坡，差点没把我累死，当我爬上那个坡，就看到他在坡上悠闲的看着河谷，吃着路餐。。。。。用对讲机给主领队小包汇报已经追上队员的情况，小包指示，让我就在原地等着后面的队员，让他们都别走了，吃了路餐再走。 我们的路餐还是很丰盛的，每一个都包装好了，里面有1个面包、1根火腿肠、1个卤鸡蛋、1个沙琪玛、1罐红牛、1包榨菜、1个巧克力威化，还有1颗糖，都不是我爱吃的，那么多天，我就领了2次路餐，红牛我都给其他队员喝了又见漂亮的蓝色小花，偶喜欢这张照片是在我一QQ好友游记里看到的，别个正在让我帮忙拍照，那天他们也在这个地方吃路餐，就在我们旁边，居然没认出来，哈哈([]
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张俊佑Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
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郑俊成没去内蒙古大草原前对这片土地感觉是很佰生和神秘的，两年的工作和生活后渐渐地喜爱上了这里的蓝天、白云、黄沙和绿草，喜欢上了这里的人和风俗。 在两年中我几乎走遍了所在的克什克腾旗的每一个景区，内蒙古大草原的美让人流连忘返。 在这里只是将我第二次乌兰布统草原之行的游记展现给大家，让我带大家与我一起再次欣赏一次内蒙高原的蓝天白云、花草树木、山川河流和骏马美女。 先上一组图片，吸引一下你的眼球。 乌兰布统（蒙语：红色的山的意思）草原位于克什克腾旗最南端， 与河北围场县的赛罕坝林场隔河相望，距北京只有300多公里。乌兰布统是清朝木兰围场的一部分，因康熙皇帝指挥清军大战噶尔丹而著称于世，更以其迷人的欧式草原风光，成为中外闻名的影视外景基地。这里属丘陵与平原交错地带，森林和草原有机结合，既具有南方优雅秀丽的阴柔，又具有北方粗犷雄浑的阳刚，兼具南秀北雄之美。四季皆宜，处处皆景，是摄影之乡、天然画廊、露天影棚。 注：画面中间的小山就是红山。 乌兰布统草原处于丘陵与平原交错地带，呈现出与其它草原完全不同的特色，以其迷人的欧式草原风光，成为闻名的影视外景基地。 这里的草原有四个显著特点： 一是森林草原结合。这里是森林和草原有机结合，既具有 南方优雅秀丽的阴柔，又具有北方粗犷雄浑的阳刚，兼具南秀北雄之美。 二是草甸子广阔。虽不是一望无际，但置身此地，我们必会感触到“天似穹庐，笼盖四野。天苍苍，野茫茫，风吹草低见牛羊”北朝民歌的意境。 三是“百花草甸”景观。影视基地一带的草甸，每到夏季，草原上一片生机，百花盛开，10余天换一茬花种。您这次来是黄色，过十余天再来也许就是粉色、红色……。每一茬总以领衔花种为主色调，其余各色陪衬其间。有名的、没名的，千姿百态，万紫千红，在大甸子和山坡上编织出一块块的五彩缤纷的地毯，聚成一朵朵扑朔迷离的彩云。蓝天、白云、青山、碧水衬托着喧闹的百花世界，勾勒出一幅幅绚丽多姿的欧式油画。 四是桦林景观。最鲜明的特征是疏密相间，疏可驰马，密不通风。草甸边缘的漫坡，有的地段长满了桦树，大片的桦林密不通风。钻进去，枝叶遮云蔽日，不知道林子有多大。有的地段桦树稀稀疏疏，有单棵的，有三五一簇的，有几十棵成丛的，美不胜收。加上这里的地形富于变化，有草场，有湿地，有峡谷，有山丘。早晚太阳斜照，逆光将一道道山梁打出了高光轮廓线，明暗反差渲染了大环境的朦胧美，构成了一幅幅古希腊油画。 以上四大特色，每年都吸引了数以万计的艺术家到这里采风、创作。摄影家称这里是摄影之乡，创作基地，是历届大赛大展获奖及优秀作品的高产园地。美术家称这里是油画临摩的范本，天然画廊。影视家称这里是露天影棚。据不完全统计，近10年，在这里摄制了60余部影视剧。其中《还珠格格》、《康熙王朝》、《射雕英雄传》、《汉武大帝》、《三国演义》等10余部大片的大部分场景都是在这里拍摄的，到这里拍摄部分镜头的影视及广告、专片更是不计其数。在这里你可以跃马草原感受驰骋疆场的快感，还可以只识弯弓射大雕，骑一骑四轮摩托，都很不错。最值得一提的是在这里还可以体验到急速滑行，尘土飞扬的快感，在军马场北走四公里小红山村的后山上有一处大型滑沙场，占地百余亩，沙坡长一百多米，坡斜六十度，有栈道上山，可同时容纳百余人。而且价格便宜，是乌兰布统之行值得一玩的地方。 乌兰布统草原地理位置在内蒙古赤峰市克什克腾旗的最南边。 如果您驾车，从北京出发走承德线只需4个小时就能到达；赤峰每天都有往返北京、大连、沈阳、哈尔滨的火车，从赤峰汽车站乘到克旗经棚镇的长途汽车，在克旗汽车站可乘到乌兰布统旅游开发区的车前往乌兰布统景区。在这里我跟供一张北京到乌兰布统的最近路线图（全程300公里），不过中间过河北围场子的塞罕坝森林公园。 乌兰布统旅游开发区现辟有乌兰布统古战场、影视外景地、五彩山、 象群山、夹皮沟等8个旅游景区。 前面乌兰布统草原和概况和交通简要介绍完了，下面就是我与朋友们自驾一日乌兰布统草原的主要路线。 由于我们工作、生活在克什克腾的经棚镇以西的浑善达克沙漠腹地，我们首先驱车70公里走呼海大通道到达经棚镇（不进镇），然后右走西拉沐伦河大峡谷的经山线行驶52 公里后，向右转进入经乌线66.5公里，到达乌兰布统，全程约120公里。 全部行程和景区内行程如如图中箭头所示。主要游览地点西拉沐伦大峡谷、蛤蟆坝、桦木沟、红山、百草敖包、影视基地、跑马场等等（呵呵！有些是在车上观光的）。 下面就是流水帐式的游记了。 有些相片是在车上抓拍的有车窗玻璃反光块，为保持相片的真实性，我就不进行PS处理了。******************************************************************************************************* 从工作和生活营地沿呼海大通道东行来到必如河大桥上，桥下就是北南流向的必如河，远处就是克什克腾旗政府所在地经棚镇。 经棚镇北靠气势雄伟的大兴安岭，南临奔流不息的西拉沐沦河，坐落在必如河两岸平坦的山间低地上，海拔为1005－1040米。经棚镇蒙语称为“必如浩特”，由于蒙语“必如”汉语译为“二岁半”， 故经棚镇也有“半城”之称。经棚镇三面环山，由必如河分成河西、河东两部分，南靠“字山”，山上有藏文“阿弥陀佛”石砌大字，所以得名。西有敖包山，新旧两座大桥将河东、河西两部分街区连接为一体（敬请关注：我会有专门的游记贴子介绍经棚）。 过了必如河大桥到三岔路口，有牌示右转路至乌兰布统120公里（没有拍相片）。车进入西拉沐伦河大峡谷，两侧的山峦起伏，西拉沐伦河伴车南行。 下面就是西拉沐伦河。 西拉木伦河，蒙古语，意为黄色的河。西辽河北源。发源于大兴安岭山地赤峰市克什克腾旗红山北麓白槽沟。古称潢水、乐水、吐护真水等。全长380公里，流域面积32171平方公里，全河总落差1134米，通行舟楫河道800余里。《吕氏春秋》、《淮南子》把它列为“中国六大川”之一，郦道元在《水经注》中也对它有过记载。 峡谷中的村庄。 西拉沐伦河床中植被茂盛，河流弯弯曲曲，很有情调！！ ([]
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